Why You Shouldnt Mix Bleach With Ammonia

Why You Shouldn't Mix Bleach With Ammonia The chemical reactions involved in mixing bleach and ammonia produce extremely dangerous toxic vapors. Thus, its important to understand some first aid advice in case youre accidentally exposed to a bleach and ammonia mixture. Noxious Fumes and Poisonous Reactions The primary toxic chemical formed by this reaction is chloramine vapor, which has the potential to form hydrazine. Chloramines are a group of related compounds well-known to be respiratory irritants. In addition to respiratory irritation, hydrazine can also cause edema, headache, nausea, and seizures. Mixing bleach and ammonia also produces chlorine gas, which has been used as a chemical weapon. Two common ways to accidentally mix these chemicals include: Mixing cleaning products (generally a bad idea)Using chlorine bleach to disinfect water that contains organic matter (i.e., pond water) Chemicals Produced Note that each of these chemicals but water and salt is toxic: NH3 ammoniaHCl hydrochloric acidNaOCl sodium hypochlorite (bleach)Cl chlorineCl2 chlorine gasNH2Cl chloramineN2H4 hydrazineNaCl sodium chloride or saltH2O water Likely Chemical Reactions Bleach decomposes to form hydrochloric acid, which reacts with ammonia to form toxic chloramine fumes. First, hydrochloric acid forms. NaOCl → NaOH HOCl HOCl → HCl O Next, the ammonia and chlorine gas react to form chloramine, which is released as a vapor. NaOCl 2HCl → Cl2 NaCl H2O 2NH3 Cl2 → 2NH2Cl If ammonia is present in excess (which it may or may not be, depending on your mixture), toxic and potentially explosive liquid hydrazine may form. While impure hydrazine tends not to explode, it does have the potential to boil and spray hot, chemically toxic liquid. 2NH3 NaOCl → N2H4 NaCl H2O First Aid When Exposed If you become exposed to fumes from mixing bleach and ammonia, immediately remove yourself from the area to fresh air and seek emergency medical attention. While the vapors may attack your eyes and mucous membranes, the biggest threat derives from inhaling the gases. Get away from the site where the chemicals were mixed. You cant call for help if you are overwhelmed by the fumes.Call 911 for emergency help. If you feel that 911 is unwarranted, call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 for advice on handling the effects of exposure and chemical cleanup.If you find someone unconscious who you believe is suffering from inhalation of bleach/ammonia compound, try to remove the person to fresh air, preferably outdoors. Call 911 for emergency assistance. Do not hang up until instructed to do so.Seek proper cleanup and disposal instructions from Poison Control. Such a mistake is most likely to be made in a bathroom or kitchen, so thoroughly ventilate the area before returning to dispose of the compound and start cleanup.

A Midsummer Night's Dream Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Midsummer Night's Dream - Research Paper Example According to Stephen Greenblatt, â€Å"This is a world in which outward appearance is everything and nothing, in which individuation is at once sharply etched and continually blurred, in which the victims of fate are haunted by the ghosts of the possible, in which everything is simultaneously as it must be and as it need not have been† (60). Many of these often confusing issues became the subjects of the major literature produced during this era such as in William Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Although the exact date of when Shakespeare wrote this play is unknown, with most estimates suggesting it was perhaps around 1595 or 1596, the confusion between tradition and contemporary times is highlighted within this play through Shakespeare's deliberate use of a play within the play. One of the most effective means of reinforcing the major concepts of a story’s plot or of highlighting individual character traits is to include some form of repetit ion within the text. Shakespeare was a master at this kind of repetition as is seen in many of his plays including Hamlet and Midsummer Night's Dream. However, he uses these forms of repetition for entirely different purposes. In Hamlet, the play within the play is used to both show the audience actions that took place prior to the play's opening as well as to expose the guilty conscience of the king and thus prove to Hamlet that vengeance is justified. In Midsummer Night's Dream, though, the play is used to link tradition to present day in such a way as to demonstrate that despite the perception that times are changing drastically, unsettling many in their comfortable traditional views, human activity and emotion really hasn't changed all that much. To accomplish this seemingly impossible feat, Shakespeare incorporates an entire mini-play within the greater work. This mini-play appears in Act 5 and its action functions to almost duplicate the principle characters and actions found within the larger work. Not only does it reiterate some of the key points of the major work, but this mini-play also functioned to directly address an element of the audience that might otherwise have felt omitted. In Shakespeare's time, everyone attended the plays as a major form of entertainment, but the uneducated lower elements of society didn't always fully understand the high comedy offered by the playwright. By providing this mini-play, even these elements of the audience were able to enjoy the play and understand its message. Thus it is possible to examine this mini-play in order to gain greater appreciation and understanding of the larger play. Within its simple one-scene setting, this mini-play serves to expose the exaggerated romanticism of the lovers, the timeless struggle of young people attempting to marry for love despite the wishes of their parents and the sometimes disastrous problems that can only occur in the confusing darkness of night. Although many of Shakespea re’s plays can be traced to earlier stories as a means of linking them with tradition, this particular play has fewer historical connections. According to Mabillard, Geoffrey Chaucer’s story of the Knight’s Tale in his Canterbury Tales is one probable source for the play - both the master play and the mini-play. The Knight's Tale is told from the

Assessment of Pain in Post Surgical Patients Essay

Assessment of Pain in Post Surgical Patients - Essay Example The research paper â€Å"Assessment of Pain in Post Surgical Patients† focuses on a subjective and objective assessment of pain in post-surgical patients of cardiothoracic surgery. Pain management includes the various types of pain experiences throughout an individual’s life cycle and alleviating the same through interventional measures. Pain experiences may include acute and chronic in nature. Pain has physiological, spiritual, emotional and psychosocial dimensions, it is for this reason managing pain through multidimensional observations, and assessments are extremely important. Due to the various advances in the field of pain management (including assessment tools, newer guidelines on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions), nurses may land up into incomplete or inadequate domain knowledge leading to ineffective pain management. These include the failure to identify types of pain (neuropathic or nociceptive or psychopathic?), how it will be assessed ob jectively and subjectively? If the type of pain is screened properly, it will create a roadmap to treat the pain in a patient whether with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (for nociceptive pain) or drugs that reduce neuropathic or psychopathic pain like Pregabalin or Sertraline respectively. With these observations it will help to design a proper care because if the patient is suffering from neuropathic pain NSAIDs will be ineffective and if the patient has a more nociceptive component , then neuropathic drugs like Pregabalin will not mediate cure. Materials and Methodology A total of 75 patients will be evaluated as per the current admission beds in the CTVS ward. Both male and female patients would be evaluated. Inclusion Criteria Patients undergone CTVS surgery in past 7 days Patients expressing some sort of pain. Exclusion criteria Patients without pain. Patients with chronic diabetes mellitus Patients having pain from fall, arthritis, fibromyalgia, spondylosis, disc prolla pse, chronic low back pain prior to CTVS surgery. The reason for the exclusion criteria is that we wanted to find whether the sole component of CTVS surgery causes post operative pain in patients. The variables were due to the fact that diabetes, fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, disc prollapse can all have a neuropathic component of pain and will interfere with our findings whether CTVS surgery is the cause of neuropathic pain. The assessment tool that will be used is based on Dr Freynhagen’s Pain Detect Tool which comprises of a set of questions that gives each component of observation a individual score.( Freynhagen et al, 2009). The scores are assigned a weighted point of +1, -1,0, or +2. For example, if a patient complains of a pain that is radiating to both his hands from the point of origin ( heart in this case), a +2 is assigned in that criterion score. The final score of all the criteria are summated and put on an assessment scale to determine the objective compon ent of pain as given below in the format below: Results evaluation The summated pain score is placed in a pain scale given in the attached appendix (A) from a 0 to 38 point scale. If the score of the patient is 0-12 a neuropathic component is unlikely and it can be inferred the patient has chiefly nociceptive pain component, if the total score is 13 to 19 then the pain has both nociceptive and neuropathic compo

From Romantic to Victorian Essay -- essays research papers

From Romantic to Victorian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Victorian Age came after the Romantic Age and took place between the years of 1832 and 1901. Throughout the Romantic Age many authors/poets concentrated and focused on the rights of the people, as well as the idea of individualism. We are going to see how those beliefs helped spring into the Victorian Age. There are three main things concerning the Victorians during this specific time period: evolution, industrialism, and women. Along with these three comes doubt. These changes were confusing to many and began to make them wonder if what they had believed in all these years wasn’t true after all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The evolution doubt came into effect when two men began to question nature and disturb the originality of the way things are suppose to be. These two men were Marx and Darwin. Although Marx isn’t mentioned as much as Darwin, we know that he was a very radical person who began to question the economic injustice of things, as well as the class system. Darwin on the other hand, was questioning the Bible and how things got to be the way they are. He brought about the idea of â€Å"natural selection† and that lead to biblical/religious doubts in people. Before Darwin came out with his idea on natural selection and evolution, scientists had exhibited doubt when the Neanderthal skeletons were discovered. This was the beginning of religious doubt. It wasn’t until Darwin came out with his explanation that people really began to take into consideration...

Aim In Life Essay

I always feel that one needs to know where one is going in life so that when one reaches the place he can move beyond the horizon set for him. That is why it is essential for every person to have some aim in life. This aim gives people the strength to face obstacles and move the barriers in path to success. Almost every successful human being in history had a dream, which became the driving force that took them to the pinnacle of success. The aims of these people were to make the dream a reality. Henry Ford’ s aim was to make the motor car within the reach of the common people and today Ford is one of the biggest car manufacturers in the whole world. In Bangladesh, Dr. Yunus’s aim to bring credit facility to the poorest people in the country saw the birth of now world famous Grameen Bank I also have an aim in life. My aim is to own a business organization that-opens up opportunities to young people of the country. Helping them to get established in their own ventures with the right support by training them, helping them obtain capital and any other support they may need. I will try to encourage people to become entrepreneurs and such an organization will go a long way in encouraging people to take up the path of business. To fulfill my aim I want to get a degree in business administration as I feel this will equip me with the right attitude and knowledge. Then I intend to work in different reputed organizations to orient myself with the structure and workings of companies. I feel that, with the right education and work experience along with the right type of network. I will one day be able to reach my aim in life and then maybe go beyond that towards an even broader horizon.

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What Is Business Management Essay - 1532 Words

Defining the Discipline What is Business Management? Studying for a business and management studies degree allows us to develop a broad understanding of business organizations and provides us with subject-specific knowledge in areas such as marketing, customers, finance, operations, communication, information technology, business policies and strategies. What Jobs can you receive with a degree in Business Management? The business field has many choices because there are different types of businesses to go into since business is open to so many choices, they can go for a big box store in retail or work for a billion-dollar company. Once schooling is complete here are some jobs with the salaries. Now, to get a little closer to home the hiring jobs would be like: Home Depot, Lowe’s the Home Improvement Store, Westlake Ace Hardware, Kelly Moore Paint, Sherwin Williams, Wells Fargo, Sonora Bank, and Johnson Johnson. Since the chart shows this information it will be more of an insight on what a business management degree can do. With these jobs, he/she will be able to run the day to day operations and oversee the process on how the company is doing. When seeing there will be a cut and dry on the reports to present to the fellow managers and employees on the job. Writing for Business Management Academically The Difference between High School and College writing Wow, since being out of high school there has been a huge difference in writing for college. In high school, theShow MoreRelatedwhat is the advantages and disadvantages of business risk management1233 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of financial risk management? Financial risk management is the practice of creating economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk. 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